Upheaval Buckling of Buried Pipelines

Upheaval buckling often happens in sea bottom or liquefied soil when earthquake. Upheaval is regarded as a failure case due to the overdue vertical displacements and plastic deformation. The conditions under which upheaval buckling can produce are studied with the methods in mechanics of materials. According to the analysis, the safety temperature rise is presented. Upheaval buckling occurs when the operating temperature rise is larger than safety temperature rise. Two important factors which effect upheaval buckling are friction between pipe and soils, and loads of soil above pipe (containing the weight of pipe and liquid inside the pipe). Actual examples are given.