Risk of Earthquake Hazard to Long-distance Oil and Gas Pipelines

For earthquake hazards, three kinds of risk categories to long-distance oil and gas pipelines are presented. It is pointed out that permanent deformation of earth surface is a major risk led up to pipeline failure. Typical cases from 1971 to 2002 in pipeline failure reduced by earthquake at home and abroad are provided. especially the case of successful antiseismic deign in Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline, in which vertical supports are used in fault crossing. Hazard category and hazard level of "5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake" for Lanzhou-Chengdu-Chongqing Products Pipeline is analyzed in detail. It is considered that landslide and avalanche from the earthquake are main hazard categories to the pipeline.