Objective With the ongoing development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology, researching supercritical CO₂ pipeline transportation technology has become essential. Enhancing the fundamental theoretical system for supercritical CO₂ pipeline transportation is crucial for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of these pipelines.

Methods This paper primarily discusses the unique physical properties of impurity-containing CO₂ and their impact on pipeline transportation characteristics. It summarizes the major methods employed in hydrothermal calculations for supercritical CO₂ pipelines, as well as the existing challenges in this area. The paper further elaborates on the advancements in experimental and theoretical research regarding pressure reduction, leakage, and diffusion in supercritical CO₂ pipelines. Additionally, it presents future perspectives on the development trends of theoretical and simulation research in the field of supercritical CO₂ pipeline transportation. The study aims to enhance the technological design and engineering application of CO₂ pipeline transportation in China, ultimately facilitating the large-scale development of CCUS technology.

Results CO₂ captured in industrial processes contains various impurities, which lead to deviations in its physical properties and broaden the ranges of gas-liquid two-phase regions. These changes complicate phase control during pipeline transportation. Consequently, the influence of impurities must be emphasized in the simulation studies of supercritical CO₂ pipelines. Conventional simulation techniques for oil and gas pipelines often involve approximate treatments in model selection and solving methods, making it challenging to ensure prediction accuracy for supercritical CO₂ pipelines. Therefore, these models and algorithms need to be modified to incorporate actual engineering data. Although a preliminary understanding of the depressurization process during supercritical CO₂ pipeline leakage has been established through existing studies, research on relevant mechanisms remains insufficient, and simulation methods require further improvement. It is recommended to standardize experimental conditions, deepen theoretical research, and develop more accurate physical and mathematical models in future studies.

Conclusion Given the positive application outcomes and broad market prospects of supercritical CO₂ pipeline transportation technology, in-depth theoretical and simulation research is of great significance for overcoming relevant bottlenecks and advancing the development of the CCUS industry chain.