Abstract: Routing and station resources of oil & gas pipelines can be fully utilized by means of the technique of laying in one ditch for fiber cable and oil or gas pipeline. Introduction of fiber communication into pipeline communication can effectively meet the requirements of high reliability and broad band application during operation of oil or gas pipeline. The technical problems like the position of fiber cable in ditch, designation of drawing, construction steps and protection of silicon core pipe are analyzed, and the construction methods and improvement measures of laying in one ditch for fiber cable and oil or gas pipeline are summarized based on the cases in Shanshan-Urumchi Gas Transmission Pipeline, No. Ι West-to-East Gas Pipeline, No. Ⅱ Shannxi-Beijing Gas Pipeline, Lanzhou-Zhengzhou-Changsha Products Oil Pipeline, and No. Ⅱ West-to-East Gas Pipeline. It is pointed out that the current problems in this technique substantively belong to the parties in the construction management, organization and obligation of oil & gas pipelines.