Abstract: Energy safety is an irrevadable question for one country to develop its economy, and keeping enough petroleum reserve is an important foundation to ensure the energy safety. The paper describes the relation between the energy safety and petroleum reserve, and introduces the general situations of petroleum reserve in several developed countries. Combined our national conditions with the future supply and demand of energy, the paper puts forward the measures to be taken to ensure the energy safety as well as the reason to suggest increasing the petroleum reserve.