Abstract: Since China's first oil pipeline was set up in Karamay oilfield in 1958, 24 oil pipelines in 8 specifications with the total length of 2000 km have been constructed in Xinjiang. Through the 40 years, the experiences in design, construction, and operation of pipelines have been obtained from the operation and management of pipelines. The practices show that the management of oil pipeline is not a sole subject for the operating companies, for the economic effect of pipeline will be limited by many factors in quality of equipment, design, operating process, quality of construction, and operating management. Therefore, the optimal economic effect should be obtained from the management of pipeline, embodying in carrying out the optimized management from the conception of pipeline design, operation, until abandonment.