管道的鞭击分析
Analysis on Whipping Effect in Pipeline
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摘要: 在无约束、带压管道的运行中, 由于阀门的突然开启和关闭而产生的水击效应、管道压力和温度的波动, 以及地震等, 均会使管道发生鞭击。对于发生气蚀、腐蚀、蠕变和金属疲劳的管道, 严重的鞭击会导致其破裂, 泄漏的液体所产生的喷射力会加大管道的振动幅度, 管道由此发生塑性扁塌。因此, 研究管子鞭击的产生和发展, 以作出正确的载荷和变形分析, 是防止和减少管道鞭击破坏的前提。介绍了管道鞭击现象、管道鞭击的变形和喷射力, 对管道发生的鞭击破坏进行了变形和载荷分析, 并给出了管道鞭击时瞬间力的计算式。Abstract: During the operation of a pipeline under pressure but no constraint, whipping effect may arise in pipeline as a result of water hammer and overpressure caused by hasty valve opening and closing, temperature variation, or earthquake. For the pipelines under the influence of vibration, corrosion, creeping and metal fatigue, severe whipping may give rise to pipeline failure and fluid leakage. Consequently, plastic collapsing may come up due to the jetting force of leaking fluid and its vibrating waves. Therefore, the preconditions to the prevention and reduction of whipping damages on pipeline are to study the originating and developing causes and to perform proper load and deformation analysis. The whipping effect and its deformation and jetting force in pipeline are introduced, deformation and load analyses are made for the whipping damages on pipeline, and the formula given for calculating the stresses in the pipeline under whipping.