Abstract: In the light of the lighting protection of compressor chamber, the classifications of explosive risk areas, sort of lighting protection and lighting protection measures are analyzed based on the engineering design standards, and the influence of vent pipe on the lighting protection design of compressor chamber is discussed. The direct lightning stroke protection of compressor chamber should be in accordance with the Ⅱ-class lightning-resisting building, which can make steel structure chamber form a persistent electrical pathway from terminal system to downlead to grounding device. The metal roof of steel structure compressor chamber can be taken as a terminal system when its thickness is more than 0.5 mm; the metal member of building such as steel columns may be taken as a downlead and the average separation distance between them should not be more than 18 m; the natural grounding laid in the concrete foundation such as strip footing, etc. can be taken as a grounding device, and the artificial annular grounding should be constructed around buildings. The vent pipe of compressor installed with flame arrestor (wall thickness is more than 6 mm) can be taken as a terminal system without installing lightning arrester, but the virtual connection between the vent pipe and the lighting protection device on the roof should be prevented.