Abstract: Natural gas security has always been a focal concern for China’s energy security. Constructing a scientific and rational evaluation system is fundamental to identifying weaknesses in natural gas security and enhancing its overall resilience. Based on the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) database, this paper employs bibliometric analysis to review the methodologies for constructing natural gas security evaluation index systems in China. The results reveal the following: (1) Natural gas security evaluation typically encompasses six dimensions: domestic production, resource imports, market demand, price levels, infrastructure, and socio-economic environment. Among these, the first three dimensions are core to evaluating natural gas security. (2) Selecting indicators strongly correlated with natural gas security is critical in constructing the evaluation index system. Minimizing subjective judgment and adopting more objective mathematical methods has become a trend. Currently, the selection of indicators in China still relies predominantly on indirect/secondary metrics, with external dependence, natural gas consumption intensity, and reserve-to-production ratio being the most frequently used indicators.(3) Determining the weights of evaluation indicators is the most crucial step in building the index system. Building on early Delphi methods, the introduction of mathematical methods or models has become mainstream. Among these, the entropy weight method and principal component analysis (PCA) are currently the most widely applied.(4) Future research should prioritize the development of a natural gas security evaluation index system with Chinese characteristics, capable of achieving broad consensus and guiding industry practices.