Objective Hydrogen energy stands out as a widely utilized and ecologically sustainable fuel source, renowned for its cleanliness, high efficiency, diverse sources, and renewability. It has progressively emerged as a focal point in energy development efforts across major global economies. Hydrogen transportation encounters numerous technological challenges, including the absence of technical standards, heightened safety concerns, and substantial investment requirements. These obstacles are considered pivotal factors impeding the development of hydrogen pipeline transmission.

Methods This paper begins with a comprehensive overview of the development of hydrogen transmission pipelines in China and abroad, including the current construction status, design and construction standards, material selection, and technological advancements. It reviews technical research in pertinent fields, such as the pipeline transmission process, pipeline evaluation, and operation safety guarantee. Furthermore, it expounds and discusses key technical topics that have garnered significant attention in China and abroad, such as hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen blending with natural gas, pipeline mechanical properties, and hydrogen permeation behaviors. Lastly, the paper outlines prospective directions for future technical research within the hydrogen transmission pipeline sector. The findings of this study serve as a valuable guideline for the further development of long-distance hydrogen transmission pipelines.

Results This paper emphasizes the importance of exercising caution in the selection of steel pipes for the construction of long-distance hydrogen pipelines, with a specific focus on understanding the impacts of hydrogen embrittlement. It details the distinct advantages of flexible plastic composite pipes with plastic substrates compared to steel pipes, noting that this composite pipe technology has gained significant attention within the hydrogen transmission pipeline industry. However, it points out that China lags behind in terms of establishing pertinent regulations and standards for long-distance hydrogen pipelines.

Conclusion China has made strides in the industrialization of hydrogen energy. Nevertheless, notable technical disparity persists in the realm of long-distance hydrogen pipelines when compared with other countries. Further endeavors are imperative to address technical challenges and systematically analyze relevant mechanisms such as hydrogen embrittlement and permeation. Immediate actions are warranted to establish a sound system of technical standards governing design, construction, and operation within this sector. Moreover, it is crucial for China to actively engage in shaping and potentially lead the establishment of global regulations and standards related to hydrogen transmission pipelines.