Abstract: Efficient methods for optimizing and coordinating the primary distribution of petroleum products are crucial for enhancing transportation efficiency and reducing operational costs. This paper provides an analysis and summary of current domestic and international research and methodologies, focusing on the distribution system for refined oil in China, from two perspectives: optimization and coordination. Regarding strategic optimization of the primary distribution of refined oil, problems exist such as uneven resource distribution and unbalanced supply and demand, necessitating further research. Current optimization methods primarily rely on mathematical programming, with some studies incorporating heuristic methods or machine learning algorithms to address problems that come in large-scale. Approaches such as linear weighted sum and ε-constraint methods have demonstrated success in addressing multiobjective programming problems and facilitating enhanced collaboration among multiple operating entities along the primary distribution. Additionally, incorporating stochastic planning and robust optimization techniques can mitigate the impact of uncertainty. In terms of coordinating the primary distribution of refined oil, China is in a qualitative analysis phase. Research on coordination methods has transitioned from single contracts to multiple contracts, encompassing operations within and between enterprises. The findings of this study serve as a reference for further exploration of optimization and coordination methods in the primary distribution of refined oil. They can also facilitate the practical application of theoretical models, the development of multi-agent centralized decision-making mechanisms, and the establishment of profit-sharing coordination mechanisms.