Abstract: The occurrence of accidents to large-diameter high-grade steel pipelines, if any, will cause heavy casualties and property losses. Hence, it is very important to evaluate the safety state of large-diameter high-grade steel pipelines. Herein, the main influencing factors of high-grade steel pipeline failure were classified into the three categories of material, load and defects by analyzing the failure events of high-grade steel pipelines at home and abroad. Meanwhile, a safety evaluation index system of high-grade steel pipelines was established based on the 10 influencing factors with the highest frequency. Besides, the judgment matrix of each index was obtained with the analytic hierarchy process, and the weight of each index was determined. Thereby, the safety score of the high-grade steel pipeline was calculated. By applying such a method to the safety evaluation of a high-grade steel pipeline, the real-time state of pipeline was mastered, with the weak links and high-consequence areas identified. Thus, reference could be provided to the design, construction and safe operation of high-grade steel pipelines.