Abstract: Due to the high dependency of China on imported natural gas, continuously enhancing the gas storage capacity in peak shaving and stable supply is an inevitable choice to assure natural gas security in China. In view of the characteristics of the developed gas reservoir fault system, largely buried depth, strong heterogeneity and complex gas-water distribution, breakthroughs were made in the construction and operation of gas reservoir and salt cavern type gas storages in China through over 20 years of hard working in research, and five technology series were formed, including (1) storage site selection and evaluation technology, (2) storage capacity design and evaluation technology, (3) efficient wellbore quality control technology, (4) large displacement injection-production design technology, and (5) risk identification and monitoring technology. As a result, the gas storage capacity has leapt from 40×10⁸ m³ to 192×10⁸ m³. Predictably, the site resource of gas storage in China will have more deteriorated quality and more complicated types in the future, which will gradually change to the new types of oil reservoirs, low-permeability gas reservoirs, complex connected old salt caverns and water layers. Thus, four challenges will be posed to the efficient construction and operation of gas storage, such as (1) the urgent need to perfect the theory and technology for dynamic sealing evaluation of gas storage geological bodies, (2) the capacity design technology for new gas storage types still in the initial stage, (3) inadequate utilization of gas well productivity and great demands for innovative supporting technologies, and (4) inadequate risk warning and safety control capabilities to meet the requirements of the safe operation of gas storage. It is suggested to carry out special research to perfect the dynamic mechanism of fault sealing weakening of geological bodies. Further, efforts should be made to form an optimal design method of intensive injection and production, and to develop a domestic microseismic monitoring system. Moreover, new functional fields of gas storage should be continuously expanded, so as to achieve high quality and sustainable development of gas storage.