Abstract: The third global energy transition is accelerating in the context of carbon neutrality. The low-carbon development pattern has become a wide consensus, promoting the profound changes in energy industrial chain and supply chain. Global energy transition in the era of renewable energy shows a gradual slowdown in the growth rate of total energy consumption, a diversified clean and low-carbon energy supply, and an increase of electricity in the proportion of terminal energy consumption. China's energy transition faces the major challenges like heavy industrial structure, high coal proportion, large total emissions, and steep slope of emission reduction. Meanwhile, the potential opportunities are also brought to promote the high-quality economic development, facilitate the close integration of industry and finance, give birth to new technologies, new formats and new patterns, and expand new space for international cooperation. Herein, suggestions were put forward based on the long-term, complex and arduous characteristics of energy transition in China for the critical period of carbon peaking in the next 10 years, from the aspects of energy supply security, total quantity control and structural adjustment, energy conservation, emission reduction and carbon sinks increase, government-market cooperation, and international cooperation, in the purpose of providing reference for the scientific energy transition.