Abstract: With the increase of service time, oil and gas pipelines have serious corrosion failure problems. Herein, the corrosion status of buried oil and gas pipelines in China was clarified, the common corrosion failure types of the buried pipelines were summarized, the mechanism of acid corrosion, microbial corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen damage of oil and gas pipelines was discussed, and the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, corrosive anions, cathodic protection potential, magnetic field, and alternating current on pipeline corrosion were analyzed. In addition, discussion was performed for the present status of inadequate study on corrosion failure of buried oil and gas pipelines and the mechanism and laws that are not cleared completely, so as to provide reference for the selection of research direction of corrosion failure of buried oil and gas pipelines in the future. In terms of pitting corrosion perforation, a corrosion prediction model under the action of weak acid should be established based on the multi-phase flow model and weak acid corrosion mechanism to accurately evaluate the corrosion of oil and gas pipelines in the future, and the scanning vibration electrode technology and other means should be used to carry out in-depth research on the corrosion mechanism at the micro level: In terms of SCC, the simulation calculation method can be combined with higher resolution microscopic observation technology to analyze the nature of stress corrosion in pipelines in the future. The results of the study.