Abstract: Under the vision of carbon neutrality, the energy structure in China will change tremendously, and the tasks of the oil & gas storage and transportation discipline will also change inevitably. In the context of realizing the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the mid-term and long-term forecasts of the energy demand and carbon emissions were made, the new tasks of the oil & gas storage and transportation discipline were analyzed systematically, and the development directions of this discipline were pointed out, including the pipeline transportation of high pour-point and viscous crude oil, the optimized operation of natural gas pipeline network, the efficiency and net zero emission of oil & gas storage and transportation, the construction of smart energy system, and the storage and transportation of new media such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Meanwhile, the development requirements for integrating the oil & gas storage and transportation discipline into the modern energy systems were proposed, so that the oil and gas storage and transportation industry could play a greater role in guaranteeing the energy security and achieving the "dual carbon" goal in China.