Abstract: The marine oil spill accidents will not only result in the waste of energy, but also the unrecoverable destruction of the ecological environment. The superhydrophobic-superoleophilic 3D elastic porous materials are the most efficient oil adsorbents for the marine oil spill treatment, due to its low density, high porosity, strong elasticity, large oil adsorbing capacity and the convenient recovery of the materials and oil. Herein, based on the theoretical basis and the construction principles of the superhydrophobic-superoleophilic surface, the latest research progress was reviewed for three types of the superhydrophobic-superoleophilic 3D elastic porous materials respectively, i.e. the polymer-based, the carbon-based and the organism-based materials, in terms of the specific materials, the preparation method, and the application performance. Finally, the merits, defects and the faced challenges of the three types of the superhydrophobic-superoleophilic 3D elastic porous materials during their preparation and application were summarized, and the prospect was made for the development in future.