Abstract: Due to the design or construction defects, the insulation for cathodic protection in the valve chambers of longdistance oil and gas pipelines is prone to failure, which seriously threatens the safe operation of the pipelines. By studying the relevant design documents and referring to the field production experience, the fault detection and elimination process of insulation for cathodic protection in valve chambers was proposed, which could accurately locate the insulation failure and provide the targeted treatment method according to the type of insulation failure. In addition, the solution to the compatibility of cathodic protection insulation and lightning protection grounding was put forward, and the effectiveness of the solution was verified through field practice, which proves that the solution could not only meet the insulation requirements of electrical instrument facilities in the valve chambers, but also effectively guarantee the insulation facilities from lightning damage. Moreover, the research results are of important practical significance for improving the operation and management level of the long-distance oil and gas pipelines.