Abstract: In the process of oil & gas storage and transportation, a large number of solid particles carried by the medium may lead to depressurization, blockage, corrosion, abrasion and other phenomena. In particular, the welding slag left during the pipeline construction and the sand carried during its operation can cause erosion wear to the pipeline wall and the vulnerable parts, and even lead to the failure of equipment and pipe fittings, further resulting in serious economic loss, safety and environmental protection issues. Understanding the phenomenon of erosion wear, and mastering the laws of erosion wear, are beneficial improving or alleviating the wear problems of pipelines during the production, storage and transportation of oil and gas, and further facilitating the enterprises to achieve the goal of economic, safe and efficient operation. So the current research status of solid particles on the erosion wear of materials were concluded comprehensively, the main features that affect the erosion wear were summarized, the theoretical models applicable to the erosion wear calculation under different working conditions were sorted out, and the test methods used to investigate the law of erosion wear were summarized. Meanwhile, the limitations and shortcomings of the current research on erosion wear were put forward, and the recommendations on the next steps of the research on erosion wear in the oil and gas pipeline industry were clarified briefly.