Abstract: As for China, the countries along the Belt and Road are the important areas for international energy cooperation and the Central Asia is the core area for oil and gas cooperation of the Belt and Road. After over 20 years' investment and cooperation, the demonstration cooperation region has been built up, which contains the whole industry chain of oil and natural gas, combines oil company's business with engineering technological service organically and integrates the internalization and localization of China's energy enterprises. In this paper, the necessity and achievements of oil and gas cooperation along the Belt and Road were overviewed. Then, the potentials and risks in the cooperation between China and the Central Asia were mainly researched. Finally, some suggestions were proposed as follows. The government shall optimize the Five-Communication (policy, facility, trade, capital and popular feeling) policies continuously and forge the Energy Silk Road and the regional energy destiny community, and energy enterprises shall actively adapt to the new changes and innovate the business mode, so as to improve their internationalization ability.