Abstract: In the high-speed development process of oil and gas pipeline networks, pipelines tend to suffer the accidents of leakage and explosion easily, so it is quite important to improve the emergency disposal ability to the major incidents of oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, the Qingdao "11·22" accident was taken as an example. Based on the basic situations of the accident, e.g. occurrence and development, the main time nodes and key links in the process of emergency disposal were pointed out. Then, a parallel emergency task framework of governments and enterprises for pipeline leakage accident was established, and the tasks and measures that governments and enterprises shall take in five stages of accident prevention, emergency preparedness, monitoring and early warning, emergency response and aftermath disposal and rehabilitation were summarized. Finally, the main problems in the process of emergency disposal were analyzed, and the defects in the measures coping with the Qingdao "11·22" accident were pointed out. What's more, the countermeasures to improve the China's emergency ability to major incidents of oil and gas pipelines were proposed from fives aspects of law and regulation, emergency organization, operation mechanism, emergency platform and emergency strategy, so as to provide the reference for improving China's emergency ability to major incidents of oil and gas pipelines.