Abstract: The area of Central Asia and Russia is the second largest oil and gas accumulation area in the world. Large-scale oil and gas production benefits from powerful oil and gas transportation facilities. The cooperation between interregional countries is embodied as the oil and gas transit transportation between them. It is obvious that the oil and gas export of Central Asia is seriously dependent on Russia. And in order to ensure the safety of energy export, all countries in the Central Asia promulgate export diversification policies successively, but the effect is very little. At present, Kazakhstan's oil and gas export is highly under the control of Russia, and the other countries in the Central Asia fail in getting rid of the control of Russia or their diversification processes are hindered. The main reason for these situations is the complex geopolitical situations in this area. Due to the existence of American, Russian and European multiple forces and the conflicts of interest, the road to diversification is not smooth. And in fact, it is the game and rebalance between powers, so it is affected by multiple factors, e.g. politics, economics, foreign affair and energy. In the future, the energy export diversification of Central Asia will surely promote the decline of Russian transit position. In view of the back-to-back geopolitical relationships, however, the dominance of Russia can be hardly replaced. Therefore, both sides will advance based on cooperation and competition, with the coexistence of promotion and inhibition. As one oil and gas import power, China's oil and gas supply safety is directly controlled by the transportation channels, so in order to reduce the transportation risks caused by emergencies and decrease the over-reliance on single channel, it is necessary to strengthen the diversification of oil and gas import channels, focus on connecting with the oil and gas pipelines of resource countries and practically ensure China's energy safety.