Abstract: Reasonable allocation of regional refined oil has the direct effect on the construction of logistics system for refined oil supply chain and the development of refined oil market. In China, however, the theoretical system and method on the allocation optimization of regional refined oil have not yet formed. In this paper, the research achievements on the resource allocation at home and abroad were investigated, and the research status on the allocation optimization of regional resources was analyzed. Then, from the viewpoints of refined oil supply chain, transportation mode, inventory management and uncertainty analysis, the research emphasis, difficulties and progress on the allocation optimization of regional refined oil were dissected from the aspects of problem essence, solution idea, optimization model and solution method based on Chinese large regional supply system of refined oil. Finally, the difficulties and development direction of the researches on the allocation optimization of regional refined oil were pointed out on the basis of actual engineering demand.