Abstract: With the oil & gas development, erosion wear is increasingly serious in the process of oil & gas field development and oil & gas pipeline transportation. In this paper, existing erosion theories and erosion test devices were summarized and analyzed, and the latest research results of erosion at home and abroad were introduced systematically. Then, the new erosion test methods by means of rotary, jet or tubular test device were illustrated and the factors influencing the pipeline erosion rate were mainly analyzed. In addition, the research progress of erosion model was described. And finally, current problems and future direction of the researches on pipeline erosion were pointed out. The research results provide the reference for the further studies on pipeline erosion and are of great engineering significance to researching the erosion of oil & gas pipelines and equipments, ensuring the transportation safety of oil & gas pipelines and improving the transportation efficiency.