Abstract: Compared with traditional pipeline leak detection technology, pipeline leak detection technology based on optical fiber sensing has the advantages of strong electromagnetic interference resistance, high insulation, safety and reliability. In this paper, the pipeline leakage technologies based on optical fiber sensing were divided into three types (i.e., scattering, interference and other type) to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different optical fiber sensing technologies in the field of leakage detection so as to provide the guidance for their actual application. Then, all technologies were introduced in detail in terms of technical principle, research status and existing problems, and compared from the aspects of measurement length, resolution and application situation of optical fiber. Finally, the development trend of the pipeline leakage technologies based on optical fiber sensing was expected, i.e., intelligentization, microminiaturization, multiparameter real-time, high precision, high sensitivity and networking. With the optical fiber sensing technologies being applied to pipeline leakage detection more and more extensively, the safety of pipeline transportation will be guaranteed more effectively. (18 Figures, 1 Table, 47 References)