Abstract: In order to research the change laws and interaction of geological conditions, covering soil depth, lining segment thickness and concrete strength of pipeline shield tunnel engineering in different engineering environments, the finite element analysis software was used to perform numerical analysis and simulation on the structural force applied on the lining segment of shield tunnel. It is shown that the strength of the formation properties has less effect on the axial force of lining segment, but more on the bending moment and shear force. The covering soil depth of shield tunnel has great influence on the axial force of lining segment, but less on the bending moment and shear force. It is in the similar hyperbolic relationships between the thickness ratio of lining segment and the deflection and circumferential stress of lining segment at the moment of shield tunnel excavation. To sum up, the effects of geological conditions on the lining segment of shield tunnel follow a certain rule and mastering the rule can guide the design of the lining segment of shield tunnel.