Abstract: The China-Russia Eastern Gas Pipeline is the first large-diameter natural gas pipeline (OD 1422 mm) in China, and it runs through the cold region of Northeast China where the temperature is lower. Its steel grade is X80 and design pressure is 12 MPa. And it is faced with the difficulty of fracture control design. In this paper, the principle to control fracture failure of this project was confirmed based on the fracture failure modes. Then, according to the parameters of China-Russia Eastern Gas Pipeline (e.g. natural gas composition, pipe wall thickness, flow stress, operation temperature and trench backfill), the crack initiation toughness of steel pipe's welding seam and heat affected zone, the crack arrest toughness of steel pipe body and the crack initiation toughness of girth weld were calculated by using the fracture mechanics theory and the related model. And finally, the toughness indexes of steel pipe and girth weld in this project were formulated. On the basis of the index recommended and adopted in the engineering, these toughness indexes still have some margins while the calculated demand is satisfied, so they can meet the requirements of pipeline fracture control. Furthermore, the recommendations on the toughness-brittleness transition temperature of pipeline and the lower limit of lowering temperature were proposed to ensure the safety of girth weld during the lowering of the pipe.