Abstract: Oil vapor recovery technology (OVRT) is faced with new challenges as the scope of oil vapor pollution control is enlarged, the control indexes are stricter and the supervision on the effectiveness of oil vapor recovery units is strengthened further. In this paper, the development history of oil vapor recovery industry was reviewed. A series of key issues related to OVRT and their solutions were analyzed macroscopically and microscopically. The concept, directions, focuses and hot issues of technological research and development were pointed out. The connotation and contents of OVRT fine research and development in new situations were defined. It is recommended to study collaboratively the overall process control of vapor pollution, the fundamental theory of vapor separation & purification and beneficial utilization and the key technologies and complete equipments based on the trace of vapor emission, the development of key functional materials, the optimization of integrated recovery technologies, and the establishment of expert management system. Besides, some suggestions on the management level of oil vapor recovery were also put forward to promote OVRT technological improvement and efficient utilization. And thus, significant demand on national, industrial and local technological, economic and social development can be satisfied better.