Abstract: Oil resource distribution is geographically different in different regions, so oil transportation systems are widely constructed between countries and between different areas in the same country, and correspondingly oil spill accidents happen frequently. Ships and pipelines are the common transportation modes. When oil leak happens due to the failure of transportation facilities, third-party damage and operational errors, ecologic environment is deteriorated seriously with immense economic loss. And especially when oil is leaked into water areas, such as rivers, underground water and oceans, the fishery, water safety and marine environments are seriously impacted. To clean the spilled oil well, therefore, it is of great significance to take oil-spill emergency treatment measures effectively in time and allocate and use emergency materials reasonably. To improve the level of China's oil-spill emergency management, status of domestic and foreign oil spill management systems, oil spill related standards and differences of oil spill treatment material allocation were comparatively investigated. The deficiencies of current oil-spill emergency management in China were analyzed. And several suggestions were proposed from the aspects of oil-spill emergency management system completion, oil-spill emergency standard perfection and material allocation optimization.