Abstract: To prevent the frequently occurring insufficient or oversupply maintenance of multi-component equipment in natural gas pipeline, it was proposed to adopt the opportunistic maintenance strategy which combines the preventive maintenance and the breakdown maintenance together with the minimization of total maintenance cost as the target. In view of the effect of component failure on the production quality, the available maintenance time of the system was taken as the constraint condition. The opportunistic maintenance model for multi-component equipment in natural gas pipeline was established while the minimum availability of the system was guaranteed. And finally, the application case was simulated by means of the genetic algorithm to determine the optimal maintenance strategy for each component of compressors in the natural gas pipeline. It is shown that the opportunistic maintenance model can effectively reduce the maintenance cost and improve the availability of natural gas pipeline system, and it provides the theoretical basis for determining the maintenance plan on each component of the multi-component equipment in natural gas pipeline.