Abstract: Axial flow check valve is a key device which is installed at the outlets of pumps or compressors on the long-distance pipelines to prevent the medium from flowing backwards. In this paper, analysis was conducted on the opening principles of axial flow check valves, and mathematical model was established. Combined with the actual working parameters, fluid-solid coupling method and moving grid technology were used to optimize and simulate the dynamic opening process of such valves. Based on the analysis on pressure drop flow curves and displacement flow curves, it is concluded that flow condition is the key element to control the opening of axial flow check valves, and the stable performance region of the axial flow check valves is also identified. The study results have been proved in industrial tests and field applications. This study provides a new way to design axial flow check valves which can not only realize stable behavior but also control the pressure drop.