Abstract: In order to identify the risks of new long-distance gas pipeline which is exposed to premature failure, according to the characteristics of the pipeline, the influential factors of pipeline vulnerability are classified into 4 first-grade factors, i.e. damage by the third party, remained construction problems, management flaw, and design and incorrect operation, which are further divided into 23 second-grade factors. Thus, the multi-level vulnerability assessment system for new long-distance gas pipelines is established. Since the traditional weighting method does not take into consideration the index differential of assessment factors, the entropy method is used to establish the vulnerability assessment model which is applicable to the new long-distance gas pipeline. Research indicates that the model can eliminate the negative effect in the process of weighting calculation of assessment factors, quantitatively reflect the interaction of assessment factors and the total effects of index differential on vulnerability assessment results of pipeline. Finally, experiments are carried out to prove the feasibility of the assessment method.