Abstract: In This paper presents a comparative analysis of the evaluation criteria in stress analysis for long-distance oil and gas pipeline in China and ASME standards. For long-distance oil and gas pipeline, both systems are based on the theory of strength. ASME standards provide the check criterion for pipeline stress in view of restrained and unrestrained pipelines, while the Chinese standards separately stipulate the check criteria for pipeline strength in view of three pipeline laying conditions (i.e. ordinary section, crossing section and bridging section) which partly refers to the ASME standards. Comparison between two systems indicates that the latest ASME standards provide basically consistent check criteria for both oil and gas pipelines, while the Chinese standards which are updated relatively slower provide inconsistent check criteria for oil and gas pipelines. It is advised to follow up ASME standards to update Chinese standards simultaneously.