Abstract: In order to study the excavation numerical model of loess inclined shaft in complex terrains, analyze the slope stability and structure security of inclined shaft before and after excavation, and optimize construction scheme, strength reduction finite element method is used to analyze the slope stability, prioritization schemes of excavation and support of inclined shaft are optimized through comparing the deformation characteristics and stress distribution law of different excavation methods. The study shows that the excavation simulation and safety analysis can be realized by simulating the excavation process with finite element method based on actual terrain and analyzing slope stability by strength reduction method without simplifying the terrain, which is instructive to the design and construction of inclined shafts.