Abstract: To ensure safe operation of the Russia-China Oil Pipeline, Russian oil and gas pipeline operation standards are sorted comprehensively. The difference between Chinese and Russian pipeline operation standards is studied deeply from four aspects such as pipe pressure testing, crude oil, product oil and natural gas pipeline operation technology. In addition, advancements in Russian standards are systematically described, including pressure re-testing in the case of pipeline operation delay, mandatory pressure testing and periodic pressure testing of operating pipeline, pigging operation, emergency shutdown principle of pumping station, contamination cutting and blending, operating procedures of compressors under abnormal conditions and auxiliary equipment inspections. Finally, it is recommended to revise Chinese oil and gas pipeline operation standards in accordance with Russian standards.