Abstract: Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) technology is a structured analysis method for the identification of design imperfection, risk of process and operational problems, including processes, such as division of nodes, and explanation of design intent, process indicators and operation procedure, determination of meaningful deviation and analysis of the deviation, and the analysis of results and records, and submission of analytical reports, etc. Its actual guiding significance for production mainly lies in the determination of the deviation, and the analysis of causes of the deviation and consequences, the summary of the existing protection measures, as well as submission of risk control recommended measures. This technology is used for hazard identification and risk assessment for a pump station in the Western Refined Oil Pipeline, and the management level of pipeline operation company has strengthened the control on medium and high-risk deviation based on the analysis report, and implemented the proposed recommendations and measures on risk control in daily management of the corresponding departments and pump stations, and the recommendation adoption rate has reached at 70%. Finally, the author discuss the application significance and precautions of HAZOP technology in the pump stations of oil and gas pipelines.