Abstract: Gel and asphalt in Kumkol Crude Oil are separated with the aluminum oxide adsorption chromatography and then acidic, alkaline and neutral components in the gel and asphalt are separated with alkaline aluminum oxide and acidic aluminum oxide. The organic groups of separated components of gel and asphalt are researched by the Fourier transform infrared spectrum and NMR spectrum. The results indicate that the neutral component is provided with rare polar functional groups, the acidic components with more polar functional groups and the alkaline component with the most polar functional groups; the neutral component is an alkane substance, the alkaline component contains nitrogen and oxygen hybrid atoms to form organic amine and organic ether with ester base, and the acidic component's functional group is carboxylic acid, also containing nitrogen, oxygen and other hybrid atoms. Separated components are added into crude oil or waxy crude oil by 1% mass fraction to research its impacts on rheological characteristics of crude oil or waxy crude oil. The results indicate that acidic components in the gel and asphalt cause adverse affects on the viscosity of Kumkol Crude Oil. Addition of PPD which can interact with acidic components can significantly reduce the viscosity of Kumkol Crude Oil and inhibit deterioration effects of acidic components on rheological characteristics of crude oil.