Abstract: Increasing pipe diameter or pressure to improve transmission efficiency of the natural gas pipeline has become a developmental trend of gas pipeline industry, and gas pipelines at home and abroad are towards a pipe diameter of 1422 mm or pressure above 12 MPa. Given this background, this paper presents the constraints in pipe manufacture, equipments, construction, design method, operation requirements and other aspects, and puts forward some measures and recommendations. Discussions focus on current conditions of research and application of X100 steel pipe at home and abroad, also the existing critical problems restricting large-scale industrial application, and applied research recommendations are given. It is pointed out that the reliability-based design and evaluation method shall be introduced to meet the requirements of construction for large diameters, high pressure and high grade steel pipeline.