Abstract: Structure of backpressure Real-time Control System for pipeline pigging is introduced and functions of the system's components is analyzed. It is pointed out that this system takes pipeline pressure as primary control objective, gathers data from pressure sensor through super-speed UBS data acquisition card, rationally regulates and controls pressure with PID algorithm, meanwhile, continuously displays pressure data with curve mode in principal computer and communicates to PC and sets some state in real-time mode; the program of principal computer adopts LabWindows/CVI. The system has been put into operation in Lanzhou-Zhengzhou-Changsha Products Pipeline. Field application shows that the system can effectively control and monitor backpressure of pipeline during pipeline pigging operation, and moreover, the system can be used in other pressure control occasion of pipeline.