Abstract: During the practical operation of the natural gas pipeline network, because of pipeline corrosion which causes diameter and roughness to change, local blockage brought by impurities and hydrate and so on.and causes that the practical process parameters of the pipeline network are not accorded with the initial design parameters, and also make the error of simulation and optimization calculation larger, so the practical application is affected. A pipe hydraulic resistance coefficient model for natural gas pipeline network is established based on positive and negative analytic approach. Based on the characteristics of the mathemati-cal model's nonlinear and multi-peak values, the paper adopts niche genetic algorithm to solve the inverse model. Example' s calculation shows that the pipeline network structural parameter amended by the inversion method can improve the precision of pipeline network simulation, therefore it makes the pipeline network's optimization dispatch and operation management more scientific and reasonable.