Abstract: This article analyzes the model of air-oil film-sea water system based on the supposing that a submarine oil pipeline has an accident of oil overflowing.Particular analysis is made to the relationship between effective emissive increment and an angle of incidence,the relationship between bright temperature and the thickness of oil film under different frequencies.The conclusion is that utilizing microwave remote sensing technology to detect submarine oil pipeIines’ leakage and measure leaking quantity and infectant area is feasible in theory.Based on the theory,an airborne microwave remote sensing system is designed, and structure and optimal scheme of the system are provided in the paper.