Abstract: The cost of energy consumption for heated crude oil pipeline mainly includes the cost of electric power and fuel cost of heaters. For the heated crude oil pipeline networks located in Eastern China, centrifugal pumps and heaters are used to assure the operating of the pipeline and the former are usually driven by electric power and the latter mostly take the.crude oil transported as fuel. Therefore, the relative costs include the electric power fee and fuel fee. Taking the minimum sum of the two fees as a target function, an operation efficiency optimization model of heated crude oil pipelines is established and solution with simulated annealing algorithm is adopted.