Abstract: Russia's crude oil production was ranked No. 1 in the world in 2004. Its production and export volume of crude oil and natural gas will be further increased in 2020 according to Russia's energy development plan. However, because of the serious aging problem of existing pipelines in Russia, the oil and gas production of Russia has increased faster than its pipeline transmission capacity since 2001. The worsening bottleneck problem of its pipeline transmission capacity becomes a big obstacle for Russia to achieve its strategic goals of mid-term and long-term energy development plan. Therefore, a plan to construct some large-scale oil and gas pipelines is made in Russia's 2020 Energy Development Strategy. It will be of help to use such pipeline construction plan for reference for China to prepare a strategic plan in importation of oil and gas from Russia.