Abstract: This paper describes the rationality and importance of the construction of Yizheng-Changling Oil Pipeline Engineering. In the light of lower river delivery of crude oil in China, the author analyzes and compares the technical and economic advantage of Yizheng (Jiangsu Province)-Changling (Hu'nan Province) Oil Pipeline Engineering to transport crude oil and considers that the advantage of pipeline transportation should be utilized to ensure effectively the continuity and reliability of crude oil supply with suitable technology in order to solve the problems in high oil refinery capacity and oil transportation for the petrochemical enterprises along the Yangtze River.