Abstract: In the construction of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, the cost of steel pipe nearly covers 50% of the equipment and material cost.Therefore, it is very important to reasonably selecte the grade or material of steel pipe.In the article, the author emphatically analyzes the influence of design pressure, toughness requirement, rigidity and stability, corrosion and economy on the selection of grade or material of line pipe, establishes selection model, presents a selection table of line pipe that is suitable for different pressures, analyzes the selection method of pipe wall thickness that meets the needs of design strength, and briefly introduces the application of several line pipes at home and abroad.