Objective Oil and gas storage and transportation equipment operates under harsh conditions with multi-factor coupling, making it susceptible to structural failure from mechanical impact and chemical corrosion. Traditional protective coatings struggle to balance strength and toughness, lack sufficient corrosion resistance, and fail to provide flame retardancy, falling short of the industry’s composite protection requirements. Developing an integrated protective coating with high impact toughness, superior corrosion resistance, and advanced flame retardancy is therefore of significant engineering value. Such advancements are critical to ensuring the long-term integrity of storage and transportation equipment, reducing safety incidents, and extending equipment service life.

Methods A novel multifunctional coating with high impact toughness, excellent corrosion resistance, and B1-grade inherent flame retardancy was developed using a multi-scale design strategy. This coating can be applied to pipelines, ground storage tanks, mobile equipment fuel tanks, and other components to provide structural reinforcement and corrosion protection. By synergistically designing rigid and flexible molecular segments and optimizing the formulation, a favorable balance was achieved between high tensile strength (＞ 31.0 MPa) and high elongation at break (＞ 390％).

Results A solid-liquid composite flame-retardant system was developed, providing B1-grade flame retardancy without significantly compromising mechanical properties, while the retention rate of core mechanical properties remained above 85％. The addition of 0.5 wt％ graphene oxide (GO) created a dense physical barrier. After 30 days of immersion in 10 wt％ H₂SO₄, 10 wt％ HCl, 20 wt％ NaOH, and 10 wt％ NaCl solutions, the coating’s strength retention rates exceeded 85％, surpassing the 80％ standard set by the Determination of Water Absorption of Paint Film (HG/T 3344—2012). Dynamic mechanical analysis using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) and full-scale fuel tank impact test demonstrated excellent energy absorption and structural integrity retention under high strain-rate loading.

Conclusion Molecular structure optimization, solid-liquid composite flame-retardant system construction, and GO nano-reinforcement were integrated to develop a multifunctional coating combining high impact resistance, excellent corrosion protection, and B1-grade flame retardancy. All performance metrics meet the stringent requirements for oil storage and transportation equipment, providing an effective solution for protecting such assets under harsh conditions.