氨气掺混抑制高压氢气泄漏自燃的化学动力学

  • 摘要: 【目的】高压氢气泄漏自燃属于氢能安全利用中的重要危险因素之一,掺混氨气被认为是一种具有应用前景的抑制手段,而泄放压力是影响自燃行为的关键参数。【方法】为了探究泄放压力对于氨气-氢气混合燃料自燃行为的化学动力学调控作用,本文利用Chemkin-Pro软件,根据Otomo化学反应机理,在泄放压力6~12MPa、初始温度1000~1600K、当量比为1的条件下,对不同压力下氨-氢混合燃料的点火延迟时间、关键基元反应敏感性、主要自由基浓度、生成速率以及反应路径进行系统的分析。【结果】当泄放压力由6MPa提高到12MPa的时候,点火延迟时间明显缩短,在1000K处下降幅度达到了44.2%左右,说明在本文考察的工况范围内,压力升高均对着火具有促进作用。敏感性分析结果表明,链分支反应H+O2=O+OH(R1)始终起到最强的促进作用,三体反应H+O2(+M)=HO2(+M)(R13)起抑制作用;压力升高使各个关键反应的敏感性系数绝对值增大,但是由于促进着火的主导反应总体作用强于抑制反应,体系整体反应活性增强。进一步分析自由基浓度可知,压力增大时,高活性自由基H、O、OH的摩尔分数分别上升约47.72%、66.33%和17.05%,中间自由基HO2减少约41.40%,说明体系更趋向于快速链分支。压力增大使H/O子体系中链分支、链传递反应速率加快,而HO2主要以HO2+H=2OH(R15)等形式迅速转化成OH,加快着火初期自由基的产生。最后反应路径分析可知,压力增大使得OH在大多数含氮反应路径中所占的比例增大,H、O的贡献比例减小,体系更加依赖OH主导的氧化过程来推进着火。【结论】泄放压力增大,H/O子体系反应活性提高,自由基生成增多,自由基分配路径改善,氨氢混合燃料点火延迟时间明显减小,自燃倾向得到提升。研究结果可为高压氢气泄漏自燃风险评价及氨气掺混抑燃策略优化提供理论支撑。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】Auto-ignition induced by high-pressure hydrogen leakage is one of the major safety concerns in hydrogen utilization. Ammonia blending has been regarded as a promising suppression strategy, while release pressure is a key parameter affecting auto-ignition behavior.【Methods】In this study, Chemkin-Pro coupled with the Otomo mechanism was employed to investigate the chemical kinetic effects of release pressure on the auto-ignition of NH3/H2/air mixtures. Simulations were conducted at release pressures of 6–12 MPa, initial temperatures of 1000–1600 K, an equivalence ratio of 1, and a fixed ammonia blending ratio of 5%. The ignition delay time, sensitivity of key elementary reactions, radical concentrations, production rates, and reaction pathways were systematically analyzed.【Results】The ignition delay time decreased markedly with increasing pressure. When the pressure increased from 6 MPa to 12 MPa, the ignition delay time at 1000 K decreased by approximately 44.2%, indicating that pressure promotes ignition within the investigated conditions. Sensitivity analysis showed that the chain-branching reaction H + O2 = O + OH (R1) exerted the strongest promoting effect, whereas the third-body reaction H + O2 (+M) = HO2 (+M) (R13) inhibited ignition. Although the absolute values of the sensitivity coefficients of key reactions increased with pressure, the overall contribution of the dominant promoting reactions remained stronger, leading to enhanced system reactivity. Further analysis revealed that, as the pressure increased, the mole fractions of H, O, and OH increased by about 47.72%, 66.33%, and 17.05%, respectively, whereas that of HO2 decreased by about 41.40%, suggesting that the system became more favorable to rapid chain branching. Higher pressure also accelerated chain-branching and chain-propagation reactions in the H/O sub-mechanism. In particular, HO2 was rapidly converted into OH through reactions such as HO2 + H = 2OH (R15), thereby promoting radical accumulation during the early stage of ignition. Reaction-path analysis further showed that the contribution of OH increased in most nitrogen-containing pathways, whereas the relative contributions of H and O decreased, indicating that ignition progression became more dependent on OH-dominated oxidation pathways at elevated pressures.【Conclusion】Increasing release pressure enhances the reactivity of the H/O sub-mechanism, promotes the accumulation of active radicals, and shifts radical distribution toward pathways favorable for ignition, thereby significantly shortening the ignition delay time and increasing the auto-ignition tendency of ammonia-hydrogen blended fuels. These results provide theoretical support for the risk assessment of high-pressure hydrogen leakage and for the optimization of ammonia-based suppression strategies.

     

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