深远海风电规模化开发电氢耦合技术现状和工程应用模式分析

Current Status and Engineering Models ApplicationAnalysis of Electricity-hydrogen Coupling Technology for Large-scale Development of Deep and RemoteWind Power

  • 摘要: 深远海风电资源丰富且限制因素少,是未来海上风电发展的重要方向和主战场,海上电氢耦合是解决深远海风电输电经济性和消纳困难问题的主要路径。海上高盐、高湿的海洋环境以及风电波动性等带来海上电氢耦合技术、运行效率及可靠性等与陆上有很大差异,亟需深入分析关键技术挑战和工程应用模式。通过分析技术发展现状,认为浮式设施的运动带来浮式设施电氢耦合技术比固定设施更复杂,要求更高;目前海上电氢耦合整体还处在从“工程示范”向“早期产业化”过渡的关键阶段。提出了深远海风电输送到陆上终端电氢转化、海上深远海集中电氢转化、海上分散式电氢转化、海上电氢转化与海上油气融合发展、海上电氢转化与综合能源岛融合发展等5种工程应用模式;对于集中电氢转化模式,电氢转化设施首选浅水区域的固定平台,如果采用浮式设施,需重点关注动态电缆和滑环的电压等级、电流容量和散热问题;对于分散式电氢转化模式,重点关注浮式风机电解槽的机械强度和抗冲击/振动、输氢管道“氢脆”、柔性立管或动态连接器的安全与集成等技术问题。深远海风电输送到陆上终端电氢转化工程模式的技术比较成熟,需要多种场景融合发展提升经济性;其余4种需要在海上设施上进行电氢转化,目前技术不成熟,可以先期开展具备油气管道的浅水海上油气田周边固定式风场的电氢融合工程示范,逐步推广到具备油气管道的深水油气田周边浮式风场电氢耦合科研示范,最后才考虑海上分散式电氢转化和海上电氢转化与综合能源岛融合的工程模式。

     

    Abstract: The deep and remote sea is rich in wind power resources and faces fewer constraints, making it an important direction and main battlefield for the future development of offshore wind power. Offshore electricity-hydrogen coupling is the main path to solving the problems of economic efficiency and consumption difficulties in deep and remote sea wind power transmission. The high-salt, high-humidity marine environment and the variability of wind power in the deep and remote sea bring significant differences in technology, operational efficiency, and reliability of offshore electricity-hydrogen coupling compared to onshore applications, necessitating an in-depth analysis of key technical challenges and engineering application models. Through analyzing the current status of technological development, it is believed that the movement of floating facilities makes the technology of electricity-hydrogen coupling for floating facilities more complex and demanding than that for fixed facilities. Currently, offshore electricity-hydrogen coupling is still in a critical stage of transition from "engineering demonstration" to "early industrialization". Five engineering application models are proposed, including electricity-hydrogen conversion from deep and remote sea wind power to onshore terminals, centralized electricity-hydrogen conversion in the deep and remote sea, decentralized electricity-hydrogen conversion in the deep and remote sea, integrated development of electricity-hydrogen conversion and offshore oil and gas in the deep and remote sea, and integrated development of electricity-hydrogen conversion and comprehensive energy islands. For the centralized electricity-hydrogen conversion model, the preferred choice for electricity-hydrogen conversion facilities is fixed platforms in shallow water areas. If floating facilities are used, special attention should be paid to the voltage level, current capacity, and heat dissipation issues of dynamic cables and slip rings. For the decentralized electricity-hydrogen conversion model, technical issues such as the mechanical strength and impact/vibration resistance of floating wind turbine electrolyzers, "hydrogen embrittlement" of hydrogen transmission pipelines, and the safety and integration of flexible risers or dynamic connectors should be focused on. The engineering model of electricity-hydrogen conversion from deep and remote sea wind power to onshore terminals is relatively mature and requires the integration of multiple scenarios to enhance economy; the other four models require electricity-hydrogen conversion on offshore facilities, which are currently immature. Therefore, it is advisable to first carry out demonstration projects of electricity-hydrogen integration in fixed wind farms around shallow water offshore oil and gas fields with oil and gas pipelines, gradually extending to demonstration projects of electricity-hydrogen coupling in floating wind farms around deep water offshore oil and gas fields with oil and gas pipelines, and only then considering the engineering models of decentralized electricity-hydrogen conversion and the integration of electricity-hydrogen conversion with comprehensive energy islands.

     

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