Abstract: The oil and gas pipeline network is the lifeline of national energy security, with huge system scale, complex occurrence environment and explosive high-pressure media, imposing many threats to its safe operation. Herein, the engineering requirements of safety monitoring technology were systematically sorted out according to the characteristics of the oil and gas pipeline network from the point of business scenarios, taking the pipeline body, pipeline routes and pipeline stations as the objects. Meanwhile, the application status and innovative development thoughts of the monitoring technology in China's oil and gas pipeline network were summarized. Facing the new national energy security and "dual carbon" strategies, the challenges and key scientific issues faced by the safety monitoring of the oil and gas pipeline network were analyzed. On this basis, it was proposed to conduct the precise detection of pipeline bodies, intelligent monitoring of pipeline routes and multi-source monitoring of pipeline stations, and to construct an integrated intelligent monitoring system for intelligent pipeline networks. Besides, the research objectives and key ideas of the National Key Research and Development Program in the 14th Five-Year Plan, "Safe and efficient operation status monitoring sensor system of trans-regional complex oil and gas pipeline network and its application", were introduced, which lays a foundation for the construction of oil and gas pipeline network safety monitoring system.