Abstract: The optimization of the natural gas pipeline network is of great significance to reduce the operating cost of the pipeline network and improve the reliability of the natural gas supply. In this paper, the optimization models of natural gas pipeline networks were divided into two types: one based on physical attributes and the other based on economic attributes. Meanwhile, the research status of the optimization modeling and solution of the long-distance natural gas pipeline network was systematically reviewed. Current researches mostly focus on solving the single-attribute pipeline network optimization problem at a specific stage. However, to improve the economy, reliability and sustainability of the pipeline network, it is necessary to consider the economic and physical attributes comprehensively and systematically coordinate the design and operation optimization. Presently, the modeling methods based on the physical attributes are mainly researched for the optimization model of natural gas pipeline networks in China. In the future, more attention should be paid to the application of equilibrium models of the natural gas market in pipeline network optimization. In terms of model solutions, multiple heuristic algorithms were summarized. Finally, a prospect was made for the future development trend of natural gas pipeline network optimization from three aspects: pipeline safety optimization, unsteady-state optimization and market equilibrium modeling.